American Journal of Food Science and Technology

This study evaluated shelf-life quality of salt and turmeric treated smoke-dried three different Bangladeshi lean fishes, Chapila (Gudusia chapra, Hamilton; 1822), Kaika (Xenentodon cancila; Hamilton; 1822) and Guchi Baim (Mastacembelus pancalus, Hamilton-Buchanan; 1822) by analyzed their biochemical (proximate and chemical)l composition and sensory evaluation during storage at refrigeration temperature(4°C). There was a general decline in sensory characteristics i.e. color, texture, odor, general appearance and mean of acceptability of fish- product during storage. The differences in the biochemical comsition of the fresh and smoke-dried samples were statistically significant (p<0.05). Moisture (%) and TVB-N value (mgN/100gm) increased significantly whereas protein(%), lipid (%) and ash(%) contant significantly decreased. The initial value of moisture, protein, lipid, ash and TVB-N of freshly smoke-dried Chapila, Kaika and Guchi-Baim fish was 6.21%, 45.93%, 30.81%, 18.95% and 4.65mgN/100gm, 8.24%, 63.04%, 6.71%, 22.52% and 8.84 mgN/100gm and 6.97%, 59.22%, 11.67%, 22.54% and 6.62 mgN/100gm respectively. Among these three fish species smoke-dried kaika fish product became spoiled at the end of 9month whereas smoke-dried Chapila and Guchi Baim fish product still remain in good condition. The shelf-life of smoke-dried Chapila and Guchi Baim fish product was 18 month and 27 month. Because of using salt and turmeric as natural preservative, no yeast or mould was detected in this three smoke-dried fish samples. Therefore, it can be inferred that salt and turmeric treated smoke-dried Guchi Baim fish product has longer shelf life than another two fish products.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 209-215. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-7
Pub. Date: January 04, 2015

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Characteristics and Sensory Analysis of Ketchup and Sauce Products from "Bibisan" Fish Hydrolyzate

by Yuli Witono, Wiwik Siti Windrati, Iwan Taruna, Asmak Afriliana and Ahib Assadam

Original Research

“Bibisan” fish can be developed into a food flavor using enzymatic hydrolysis. The combination of “Biduri” protease and papain can shorten the time of hydrolysis. Bibisan fish hydrolyzate can be made derived products like the fish sauce and fish ketchup. Proximate analysis of fish sauce and ketchup observedincluding moisture content (72-74%), protein (9-10%), fat (9.15 to 16.3%), and ash (5.81 to 9.90%). Theabsorbance average value of Maillarddegree obtained from experiment then result of inferior fish sauce ranged from 0.432 to 0.463 while the fish ketchup ranged from 0228 to 0.281. Fish sauce color is lighter (light brown) instead of fish ketchup. Viscosity of fish sauce (14.86 to 18.78 mp) were also higher than fish ketchup (10.81 -14.80 mp). The highest amino acid inof bibisan fish hydrolyzate was glutamic acid that range from 8.76% - 10.17%; while the lowest AA was histidine (1.12 to 1.22%). The sensory evaluation of fish sauce and ketchup reveals that the products have a good sensory quality and overall acceptability.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 203-208. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-6
Pub. Date: December 10, 2014

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Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (Haccp) in the Production of Soy-kununzaki: A Traditional Cereal-Based Fermented Beverage of Nigeria

by Danbaba Nahemiah, Oyeleke Solomon Bankole, MajiAlhassan Tswako, Kolo Isa Nma-Usman, Hauwawu Hassan and Kolo Isa Fati

Original Research

In this study, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) was adopted for the evaluation of food safety hazards in the production of local cereal-based beverage (soy-kununzaki) consumed in Nigeria. Significant quantity of physical hazards were recorded when about 1kg of production materials were analysed. 2.35% stones pieces, 1.25% pieces of plastic materials, 1.95% metallic materials, 7.00% soil, 5.69% weed seeds, 1.55% broken grains of soybean were the main physical hazards of concerned identified, while biological physical hazards includes 2.26% animal waste and 2.15% insects. Microorganisms of public health importance were also isolated. Critical control points in the beverage production were highlighted and process capability determined. Process capability index (Cp) was approximately 1.7 for bacterial count and 1.6 for coliform, indicating that the process can be considered capable. Hence HACCP would help in improvement of quality and safe beverage production when properly applied.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 196-202. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-5
Pub. Date: December 01, 2014

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Are Breed-specific Differences in Beef Fatty-acid Profiles a "Needle in the Haystack"?

by Yuvaraj Ranganathan, Irena Hulova, Matthias Schreiner and Jan Macak

Original Research

A healthy human nutrition stems from macronutrients that provide energy and also from micronutrients that are indispensable for basic physiological processes. Essential fatty-acids have been proved and commonly agreed in the recent years as important elements of a healthy diet. This gives impetus to look for sources of essential fatty-acids in the diet. Beef is not only considered a complete protein, but also a source of essential fatty-acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids. The levels of these fatty-acids are however variable depending on the diet and breed of cattle. In this work, we analyzed intra-muscular fatty acid profiles of two breeds (Aberdeen Angus and Blonde d'Aquitaine) as a part of long-term complex and comprehensive comparison of breed differences. Using a novel statistical algorithm we found interesting breed-specific fatty-acid profiles. The advantages of this approach over conventional approaches are discussed as well as the specific differences in fatty acid profiles between the breeds.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 192-195. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-4
Pub. Date: November 26, 2014

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Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Full Fat and Defatted Ackee (Blighia sapida) Aril Flours

by Veronica M. Dossou, Jacob K. Agbenorhevi, Francis Alemawor and Ibok Oduro

Original Research

The pulp/arils of ackee (Blighia sapida) were oven/freeze dried, processed into full fat and defatted flours and analyzed for some physicochemical and functional properties. Moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate content of the flours ranged from 4.83-7.30%, 21.42-59.54%, 11.54-23.00%, 3.83-4.08%, 8.45-9.05% and 15.13-42.48% db, respectively. Potassium (462.21-968.29 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.99-3.55 mg/100 g) were the most and least abundant minerals, respectively. Functional properties ranged from 24.09 to 39.45% solubility, 11.03 to 23.02% swelling power, 111.75 to 139.57% oil absorption capacity, 4.33 to 5.67% foaming capacity, 76.34 to 84.35% foam stability, 61.67 to 69.17% emulsion capacity and 5.83 to 46.67% emulsion stability. Generally, defatted flours had higher values for proximate composition and functional properties than the full fat flours. Oven dried ackee aril flours had higher emulsion activity and stability suggesting their potential application in foods such as, mayonnaise, yogurt, ice-cream, sausages and processed meats.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 187-191. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-3
Pub. Date: November 24, 2014

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Impact of Technological Diagram on Biochemical and Microbiological Quality of Borassus akeassii Wine Produced Traditionally in Burkina Faso

by François TAPSOBA, Aly SAVADOGO, Cheikna ZONGO and Alfred Sababenedyo TRAORÉ

Original Research

Palm wines are produced following several traditional processes, very consumed and appreciated in West Africa. In South-West of Burkina Faso, Borassus akeassii palm wine, plays a nutritional and socio-economic role and replaces Sorghum beer. Because of reported health issues due to the bad practices of palm wine tappers, we performed survey aimed to assess the impact of technological diagrams on the quality of this wine in order to improve its quality. In South-West of Burkina Faso, survey was undertaken among tappers, vendors and consumers of palm wine, followed by microbiological and biochemical analysis. Questioning of 88 tappers, 80 vendors and 155 consumers by using cards of survey, revealed that 3 critical points were very important for improvement of wine quality. It is washing of flask used for collection with, filtration without dilution of palm wine and washing of conditioning containers. According their practices, tappers were divided into two sub-groups: Sub-groups 1 and 2. Biochemical analysis of palm wines revealed differences between the two sub-groups’ processes for acidity 0.64±0.08 versus 0.82±0.29% (m/v), pH 4.90±0.10 versus 4.05±0.61 and alcohol content 5.80 ± 2.13 versus 4.7±1.47% (v/v) for sub-groups1 and 2 respectively. Microbiological investigations show that total and thermo-tolerant coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were also detected in wine of sub-group 2 and were 5.46±1.34, 3.15±1.90 and 6.40±1.23 log cfu/ml respectively but not detected in sub-group 1 wine. Our study shows that wine quality could be significantly improved by using undiluted sap and controlling the three critical points of main diagram.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 179-186. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-2
Pub. Date: November 17, 2014

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Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Short Chain Fatty Acid Triacylglycerols as a Potential Dietary Food Lipid Source

by Ronald P. D’Amelia, Alexander E. Bleich, Lee Honig and William F. Nirode

Original Research

SCFA(Short Chain Fatty Acids) are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and play an important role in the maintenance of gut health. The deficiency of SCFA (particularly acetic, propionic and butyric) may affect the pathogenesis of a diverse range of diseases ranging from allergies to asthma to cancers. The potential of having three different SCFA on one molecule for direct ingestion and metabolism can be of significant importance to maintaining gut health. SCFA triglycerides have not been characterized for use in clinical nutrition therefore it is important to understand their specific structure and composition. We synthesized ten reaction products of various triacylglycerols containing different ratios of acetic, propionic and butyric SCFA by interesterification. The reaction products were characterized by Gas Chromatography (GC), GC/MS and H¹NMR. The weight % of the triesters found were compared to the amount predicted using the statistical randomized interesterification reaction model. We found that the difference in fatty acid size and the reduced steric demands of the SCFA did not give rise to positional specificity and found no observable deviations from the random interesterification model. By interesterification we have synthesized a molecule that contains SCFA essential to gut health. This molecule could potentially be used for direct ingestion possibly eliminating the need for other means of daily fiber intake.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014, 2(6), 175-178. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-2-6-1
Pub. Date: November 12, 2014

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