by Onuh F. A., Mbaeyi-Nwaoha I. E. and Ani J.C.
Original Research
There is need for dietary diversification which involves the use of commonly available cereals, legumes and other nutritious crops to meet nutritional needs of diabetic patients. Dietary diversification could be used to ameliorate micronutrient deficiencies by modifying the diet to include a greater diversity of nutrient - rich foods. The major aim of this study was to produce and evaluate ready-to-eat breakfast product for diabetics from African yam bean (Sphenostylis sternocarpa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) flour blends. Flours were produced from sorghum, African yam bean and unripe plantain and blended in 100:0:0, 65:30:5, 60:30:10, 55:30:15, 50:30:20 and 45:30:25 ratio of sorghum: African yam bean: unripe plantain flour, respectively. Ready-to-eat breakfast products were produced from each blend by toasting at 150°C for 5 min. The products hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potentials and effects on hematological parameters were evaluated using rat study. The fasting blood glucose (fbg) of the rats were significantly (p< 0.05) reduced after 3 weeks of treatment from 200 to 81.63 mg/dl. Rats fed sample SAUP5 (45:30:25) had the lowest mean fbg value of 81.63 mg/ml. The cholesterol level of rats fed sample SAUP5(945:30:25) was reduced from 3.56 to 2.10 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein from 2.03 to 1.10 mg/dl, triglycerides from 1.03 to 0.63 mg/dl and high density lipoprotein was increased from 0.47 to 0.97 mg/dl. Liver function of rats fed sample SAUP4(50:30:20) was reduced from 100 to 23 mg/dl, for Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 49 to 23 mg/dl for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and 33 to 19 mg/dl for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively. Conclusion: The formulated ready-to-eat breakfast product was adequate for diabetic patients.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019, 7(5), 161-168. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-7-5-5
Pub. Date: July 01, 2019
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by Ugwu Chidiebere Emmanuel, Nduka C, Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima, Okpogba Aloysius Ngozi and Ogueche Peter Nnamdi
Original Research
Lipases are glycerol ester hydrolases which hydrolyze esther linkages of glycerides at water-oil interface. The activities of lipase in fermented oil bean seeds (ugba), fermented castor oil seeds (ogiri) and kunu were determined with respect to the levels of free fatty acids produced from each sample. The samples were prepared by local adoption of processing oil bean and castor seeds. The seeds were cooked (100°C) in cooking pot for 4hr, chopped into pieces, washed with clean tap water and covered in a stainless pot and allowed to ferment at room temperature. The lipid peroxidation and lipase activity were also determined on the fermented products using standard methods. The total free fatty acid determined were 349± 7, 1026± 5 and 94± 5mg/ml for ugba, ogiri and kunu respectively. The level of lipid hydroperoxide concentrations of fermented ugba, ogiri and kunu were (2.5 ±0.3) ×10-4, (1.57 ±0.05) ×10-4and (4.5 ±0.3) × 10-4mg/ml malondialdehyde respectively. It was observed that the higher the peroxidation or concentration of malondialdehyde in a given sample, the least the lipase activity as determined by the level of free fatty acids. The findings of this research indicate that fermented ugba, ogiri and kunu could be good sources of lipase for industrial application.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019, 7(5), 157-160. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-7-5-4
Pub. Date: June 27, 2019
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by Andrew Nkubana and Jean Claude Dusabumuremyi
Original Research
This study aimed at the assessment of the storage stability of extruded snacks prepared by incorporating fish mince in rice and maize. The fish-rice and fish-corn extruded snacks were prepared at optimized processing conditions, packed in high density polyethylene and were stored at ambient storage condition for 120 days. The extruded snacks were regularly evaluated at a 15 days’ interval for moisture content, water activity, free fatty acid content, hardness and overall acceptability during storage period. The results of this study revealed that moisture content, water activity and free fatty acid content increased during storage. Marginal decrease in the hardness and overall acceptability of stored extruded snacks was noticed. No detrimental changes have been noticed during the entire storage period and the products were found in acceptable quality limit after 120 days of storage at ambient conditions.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019, 7(5), 152-156. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-7-5-3
Pub. Date: June 26, 2019
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by Lucresse H. Hounkpè, Jacques Adovèlandé, Annick F. A. D. Bossou, Christian T. R. Konfo, Yaya A. Koudoro, G. Sophie Reine Bogninou, Fifa T. Diane Bothon, Cokou P. Agbangnan Dossa, Félicien Avlessi and Dominique C.K. Sohounhloué
Original Research
Hibiscus sabdariffa sabdariffa is a non-timber forest product found in sub-Saharan Africa and used in both pharmacopoeia and food. The present study aims to evaluate the chemical composition and the nutritional potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa sabdariffa from Benin. Thus, the moisture content and volatile matter has been determined according to ISO 665:2000; the ash following the standard ISO 749:1977, the proteins according to ISO 5983-1:2005; the total carbohydrates by the difference formula; the oil content according to ISO 734:2015; the content of mineral and trace elements by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and secondary metabolites following staining and precipitation reactions specific to each metabolite family. The results revealed that the seed of Hibiscus sabdariffa sabdariffacontains 95.27% of dry matter; 6.33% of ash; 19.18% of proteins; 56.16% of carbohydrates; 13.6% of oil and provides 423.76 kcal/100g. As secondary metabolites, saponosides, alkaloids, coumarins and reducing compounds were identified. The content of mineral and trace elements showed 61.70 mg/kg of manganese, 1.91% of potassium, 199.16 mg/kg of iron, 4663.60 mg/kg of magnesium, 178.07 mg/kg of sodium and 0.24% of calcium. These results therefore reflect a high nutritional potential of the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa sabdariffa, favorable to the establishment of a viable agro-food chain for this NTFP already commonly used by the people of Benin.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019, 7(5), 146-151. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-7-5-2
Pub. Date: June 24, 2019
7133 Views997 Downloads
by Comfort Adetutu Adeniji, Dorcas Wusu and Elizabeth Ololade Falana
Original Research
The study was designed to compare the growth promoting and some plasma biochemical indices of moringa leaf powder (MLP) and garlic powder (GP) each at 15.00g/kg; treatments 1 and 2, treatments 3 and 4 contained a combination of 7.50g and 15.00g/kg each of the phytoaddivites respectively and a control diet without additive. These five diets were fed to juveniles of Clarias gariepinus (46.45±0.12g). Relative to the juveniles in control diet, growth and nutrient utilization indices, (except survival percentage) of juveniles in phytoadditive diets increased. Plasma transaminase enzymes reduced significantly (p< 0.05) except for juveniles in treatment 4, likewise there were significant (p<0.05) reduction in ALP activities, except for juveniles in treatments 1 and 3. Also, there was significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma cholesterol of juveniles in the phytoadditive diets. However, juveniles in treatments 1 and 2 recorded significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma phospholipids and triglycerides concentration compared to juveniles in control diet. Likewise, all juveniles in phytoadditive diets had significant (p<0.05) increase concentration of total protein, creatinine increased in treatment 2 and bilirubin increased in juveniles in treatment 3 as well as an increase in urea concentration with juveniles in treatments 1 and 3. Contrarily, creatinine concentration of juveniles in treatments 1, 3 and 4, albumin of juveniles in treatment 3 and bilirubin of juveniles in treatments 1 and 4 significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared to the values obtained with juveniles fed the control diet. While the bilirubin of juveniles in treatment 3 increased significantly (p<0.05). The results of this study showed improvement in the performance of juveniles fed phytoadditive diets when compared to those in the control diet. However, the inclusion of garlic powder at 15.g/kg produced the best growth, nutrient utilization and improved plasma biochemical indices of Clarias gariepinus juveniles.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019, 7(5), 137-145. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-7-5-1
Pub. Date: June 20, 2019
11242 Views1375 Downloads