by Nkrumah T and Akwetey W. Y
Original Research
In this study pH, water holding capacity and cooking yield of meats (Mackerel, Catfish and Pork) and their corresponding sausages were determined. Acidity (pH) and water holding capacity were also determined. Sensory evaluation was conducted using a Hedonic scale rating in order to evaluate consumer acceptability of the sausages. Sausage appearance, taste, texture, juiciness, flavour, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability were evaluated on a scale of 1 (Dislike Extremely) to 9 (Like Extremely). Pork and catfish sausages recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher water holding capacity than mackerel sausage in both raw and cooked forms. Also pH of mackerel and catfish were higher (P<0.05) than pork in both raw and cooked states. Most of the sensory panelists prefer pork sausage to fish sausages. It was concluded that though catfish frankfurter-type sausage had high cooking yield but majority of consumers prefer pork sausage.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 6(3), 118-122. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-6-3-6
Pub. Date: March 23, 2018
10478 Views3198 Downloads5 Likes
by Xin-wei Li, Rui Lu, Zhe-xuan Wang, Pei Wang, Li Zhang and Peng-xiao Jia
Original Research
White pepper is a high-value commodity that is a target for adulteration, leading to loss of quality and encroachment on the rights and interests of consumers. Therefore, it is imperative to develop fast and reliable methods for detecting white pepper powder adulteration. The present paper investigated the feasibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for quantifying adulteration (including whole wheat flour and corn flour) in white pepper powder. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed. Results showed that the standard error of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were 0.788% and 0.920%, respectively.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 6(3), 114-117. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-6-3-5
Pub. Date: March 19, 2018
15579 Views3020 Downloads
by Ugbogu Amadike Eziuche and Emmanuel Okezie
Original Research
The effect of fermentation on nutritional composition of Pentaclethramacrophylla(Benth) seeds was evaluated. P. macrophyllaseeds were procured and divided into four portions. The seeds were hydrothermally treated to extract the cotyledons which were allowed to ferment for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, while 0 h served as the control. The samples were differently oven dried and milled at the end of each fermentation period. There was significant difference (p< 0.05) observed in all the assayed proximate parameters when compared to the control sample at 0 h fermentation. However, moisture content, ash content, lipid and crude proteins significantly increased, while crude fibre and carbohydrate contents significantly reduced as fermentation period increases. The quantified minerals include; calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), phosphorous (P), sodium (Na+), zinc (Zn2+), manganese (Mn2+), iron (Fe2+) and potassium (K+). Although, there was statistical difference (p< 0.05) observed in all the tested minerals, but all significantly increased in values with the exceptions of Mg2+ (24 h fermentation), Zn2+ (24 h and 72 h fermentation periods) and K+when compared to the control. The results obtained from the antinutritional estimation revealed a significant decrease in values of phytate, tannins, hydrogen cyanide and oxalate with increased fermentation period. The present study has therefore shown that increase in fermentation period increases nutritional composition and decreases antinutrients in P. macrophyllaseeds.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 6(3), 108-113. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-6-3-4
Pub. Date: March 17, 2018
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by Ojo Moses Ayodele
Original Research
The hard-to-cook nature of Vigna subterranean constitutes an hindrance to its utilisation. Two species of a hard-to-cook legume Vigna subterraneanwere subjected to hydrothermal processing after soaking. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of soaking followed by hydrothermal processing on the cooking times. The seeds of two species of Vigna subterranean (the cream coloured specie and the mottled coloured specie,) were processed by four different hydrothermal techniques before and after aqueous soaking to varying hydration levels. Soaking of the seeds to varying hydration levels before processing by hydrothermal techniques induced decrease in the cooking times. Highest percentage reduction of 66.24% was recorded when the seed of the cream coloured variety was boiled at elevated pressure.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 6(3), 103-107. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-6-3-3
Pub. Date: March 13, 2018
11424 Views2900 Downloads4 Likes
by René G. Dègnon, Christian T. R. Konfo, Euloge S. Adjou, Emmanuella Grâce GANIERO and Edwige Dahouenon-Ahoussi
Original Research
Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of the human diet. Microorganisms that are likely to be found in these foods that are most often components of the salad can be the basis of food poisoning. This work aims to evaluate the microbiological quality of the different salad dishes served in Cotonou hotels. The best known restaurants have been listed and those selected one has been through a simple random sampling. After collecting the samples, the various ingredients used in the production of these dishes were recorded after sampling for microbiological analyzes. Microbiological quality was assessed on the basis of Good Hygiene Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices. The results revealed thirteen (13) types of salad dishes. None of the thirty (30) samples analyzed met the microbiological criteria in effect. Thus, for a good follow-up of the rules of hygiene, a system of quality control must be set up in all the hotels of Cotonou in order to allow the population to always eat healthy. The results revealed thirteen (13) types of salad dishes. None of the thirty (30) samples analyzed met the microbiological criteria in effect. Thus, for a good follow-up of the rules of hygiene, a system of quality control must be set up in all the hotels of Cotonou in order to allow the population to always eat healthy.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 6(3), 98-102. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-6-3-2
Pub. Date: March 10, 2018
9418 Views3188 Downloads
by Ismaila A R, Alakali J S and Atume T G
Original Research
The effects of local processing techniques on the nutrients and anti-nutrients content of bitter cassava were investigated. Raw bitter cassava tubers were boiled to produce (Rogo), sundried to produce (chips), roasted to produce (roasted chips), fried to produce (Kuese), partially fermented and sun dried to produce (Elubo), fermented by submersion to produce (Akpu) and finally, fermented by solid state to produce (yellow and white Gari). All these locally processed cassava products were subjected to proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient analysis using standard methods. The result of the proximate showed that, raw bitter cassava is composed of 1.85% ash, 64.38% moisture, 4.11% crude fibre, 1.03% crude protein, 0.66% lipids and 30.88% total carbohydrate. Mineral analysis of the raw bitter cassava tuber contained 32.00mg/100g Calcium, 12.55mg/100g Magnesium, 1.38mg/100g Iron and 80.17mg/100g Phosphorous. Even though all processing techniques significantly expose more of the the mineral content, fermentation had highest effect. The anti-nutrients analysis showed that the raw peeled tuber contained 98.16mg/100g cyanide, 44.00mg/100g oxalate 304.20mg/100g phytate and 73.00mg/100g saponin. In general all the processing techniques showed a significant reduction of the phytate, oxalate and saponin content of the cassava. However, only fermentation, sun drying and garification were able to reduce the cyanide content of bitter cassava below the safe level (10mg/100g) recommended by Standard Organization of Nigeria. Yellow gari(with the addition of palm oil) showed low cyanide content (1.10 mg/100g) than white gari (3.51 mg/100g). This also emphasis that processing methods involving fermentation reduce cyanide and other anti-nutrients in the cassava to levels that are safe for consumption and should be widely practiced.
American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018, 6(3), 92-97. DOI: 10.12691/ajfst-6-3-1
Pub. Date: March 02, 2018
9980 Views3005 Downloads1 Likes